The Television Remote Control A Brief History

It was in June of 1956 that the practical television remote controller first entered the American home. However, as far back as 1893, a remote control for television was described by Croatian inventor Nikola Tesla (1856–1943) in U.S. Patent 613809. The Germans used remote control motorboats during WWI. In the late 1940s, the first non-military uses for remote controls appeared, such as automatic garage door openers. Zenith Debuts Worlds First Remote Control The Zenith Radio Corporation created the very first television remote control in 1950 called Lazy Bone. The Lazy Bone could turn a television on and off as well as change channels. However, it was not a wireless remote control. The Lazy Bone remote control was attached to the television by a bulky cable. It turned out that consumers did not like the cable because people kept tripping over the cord. The  Flash-Matic Wireless Remote It was Zenith engineer Eugene Polley (1915–2012) who created the Flash-matic, the first wireless TV remote in 1955. The Flash-matic operated by means of four photocells, one in each corner of the TV screen. The viewer used a directional flashlight to activate the four control functions, which turned the picture and sound on and off as well as turned the channel tuner dial clockwise and counter-clockwise. However, the Flash-matic had problems working well on sunny days, when sunlight hitting the photocells sometimes changed channels at random. Zenith Design Becomes the Standard The improved Zenith Space Command remote control went into commercial production in 1956. This time, Zenith engineer  Robert Adler (1913–2007) designed the Space Command based on ultrasonics. Ultrasonic remote controls remained the dominant design for the next 25 years, and, as the name suggests, they worked using ultrasound waves. The Space Command transmitter used no batteries. Inside the transmitter were four lightweight aluminum rods that emitted high-frequency sounds when struck at one end. Each rod was a different length to create a different sound that controlled a receiver unit built into the television. The first Space Command units were quite expensive for the consumer, because the device used six vacuum tubes in the receiver units that raised the price of a television by 30%. In the early 1960s, after the invention of the transistor, remote controls decreased in price  and in size, as did all electronics. Zenith modified the Space Command remote control using the new benefits of transistor technology (and still using ultrasonics), creating small hand-held and battery-operated remote controls. Over nine million ultrasonic remote controls were sold. Infrared devices replaced ultrasonic remote controls in the early 1980s. Meet Robert Adler Robert Adler was associate director of research at Zenith in the 1950s when the company’s founder-president E.F. McDonald Jr. (1886–1958) challenged his engineers to develop a device to tune out annoying commercials, resulting in the prototype remote control. Robert Adler held 180 patents for electronic devices, whose applications run from the esoteric to the everyday. He is best known as a pioneer in the development of the remote control. Among Robert Adlers earlier work is the gated-beam tube, which at the time of its introduction represented an entirely new concept in the field of vacuum tubes. Sources Acebrà ³n, Juan A., and Renato Spigler. The Remote Control and Beyond: The Legacy of Robert Adler. SIAM News 40.5(2007).  Luplow, Wayne C., and John L. Taylor. Channel Surfing Redux: A Brief History of the TV Remote Control and a Tribute to Its Coinventors.  IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 1.4 (2012):24–29.  Eugene Polley Obituary: Father of the Flash-Matic, the First Wireless TV Remote Control. The Guardian, May 23, 2012.  Hafner, Katie. Robert Adler, Zenith Physicist, Dies at 93. The New York Times, February 20, 2007.

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - 963 Words

In the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe there are a lot of characteristics that are considered male and female. In the story, which is about a man named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a Nigerian man , who is a yam farmer, and for no reason wants to be labeled as anything other than manly. See in the Igbo society everything is gendered to male or female even the crops. The yam is consider the king of the crops, so it is no wonder why Okonkwo is a yam farmer. In this book it tells a story about a man who falls to his own destruction, all because he was trying to avoid being looked upon as a man with feelings. In the Igbo culture woman are treated as second class and servants in most cases. Her service is to her man first. The women are only good for the men to use as needed. They are viewed as a males possession. The woman are not allowed to do much of anything. They are responsible for cleaning, cooking, and some farming, when allowed to do so. They are to care for their hu sbands and their homes first and for most. If a man were to fall short in this area towards a woman, he could be dishonored as a man. You can see here in the text where it says, â€Å"No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man† (Achebe 45) this how women are thought of as second class citizen. To me this makes for the distinct characteristics of a masculine male and a soft, submissiveShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Determination of the Heat of Vaporization of N-Pentane Free Essays

Chemistry 202 – Lab: Wed 2:30 11 April 2012 The Determination of the Heat of Vaporization of n-Pentane Introduction Section: The purpose of the Heat of Vaporization for Normal Pentane (n-pentane) Laboratory Experiment is to determine the heat of vaporization of n-pentane. This experiment was performed as a class. Each pair of partners had to go to the monometer and take the various measurements in order to determine the heat of vaporization. We will write a custom essay sample on Determination of the Heat of Vaporization of N-Pentane or any similar topic only for you Order Now Experimental and Theory Section: PLS (cm)PRSP mmhgTÂ ° CT (K)ln(P)-1000/RT 4. 524. 659929. 3302. 456. 395261598-0. 397682418 85. 5523. 7618. 530303. 156. 427297192-0. 396764135 85. 523. 55619. 530. 3303. 456. 428912701-0. 396371881 86. 222. 863430. 9304. 056. 452048954-0. 395589697 86. 622. 364331. 1304. 256. 466144724-0. 395329655 86. 82264831. 5304. 656. 473890696-0. 394810594 87. 221. 665631. 8304. 956. 486160789-0. 394422192 87. 521. 466132305. 156. 49375384-0. 394163681 88. 120. 667532. 6305. 756. 514712691-0. 39339018 88. 520. 368232. 9306. 056. 525029658-0. 93004566 89. 119. 769433. 4306. 556. 542471961-0. 392363554 The monometer was already pre-set up before the laboratory section started. Each group went up one by one with the aid of Professor Nelson to the collect the various measurements. Each pair of partners had to read the left and right side of the mercury pressures in the barometers and read the temperature at which the system was. Each pair of partners collected this data, which resulted in eleven different observations performed. The data numbers slowly increased between the pressure and temperature as the experiment progressed. With this data, a graph can be created. The graph is a typical one-quadrant graph with an x-axis and y-axis. However, for this experiment, the x-axis would be _____ and the y-axis was replaced with ________. The relationship between vapor pressure and temperature is given by the Clausius-Clapeyron: ln? (P_2/P_(1 ) )=? -? H? _vap/R [1/T_2 -1/T_1 ] Results Section: How to cite Determination of the Heat of Vaporization of N-Pentane, Papers